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In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They(36)needed supplies of highly trained personnel to(37) a concept of development based on modernization. But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed

countries when they had finished their training.

In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special returnprograms to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974enabled over 1,60038scientists and technicians to return to Latin America.

In the 1980s and 1990s, temporary return programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel(39)strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Programs Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain from these countries may well increase in(40) to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.

Recent studies (41) that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a (42)there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give(43)to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad; they must introduce(44)administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is(45)to continue.

A. forecast

B. flexible

C. neutrally

D. preference

E.detachM

F. bound

G. implement

H. consequence

I. qualified

J. dismissing

K. result

L.occupying

M. urgently

N . skeptical

O . response

答案：

36.M

语法判断：分析句子主干可知，该空前后是一个完整的句子，结合所给选项可知，该空缺少一个副词来修饰后面的谓语动词needed。

语义判断：符合上述语法条件的只有两个选项，neutrally意为中立地，urgently意为迫切地，紧急地。此处是指他们迫切需要大批……，故只有urgently符合文意，故选M。

37.G

语法判断：分析句子主干可知，该空前面是一个完整的句子，这里需要一个动词原形与前面的to构成动词不定式，并和后面的名词concept(理念)一起作前面的宾语personnel(人才)的补足语。

语义判断：符合上述语法条件的有四个选项，forecast意为预报，预测，detach意为分离;使超然，bound意为束缚;划定界限，implement意为完成，实现。此处是指需要大批人才落实(或实现)……发展观，故只有implement符合文意，故选G。

38.I

语法判断：分析句子主干(which…enable…to returnto…)可知，该空所在的句子是一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，这里需要一个形容词作定语修饰后面的宾语scientists and technicians(科技人员)。

语义判断：符合上述语法条件的选项有四个，flexible意为有弹性的;灵活的，bound意为受约束的;有义务的，qualified意为合格的，skeptical意为怀疑的。结合句意可知，只有quafified(合格的)符合这里的表达。故选I。

39.L

语法判断：分析句子主干可知，该空前面是个完整的句子，这里需要一个现在分词与后面的strategic positions in the developed countries一起作前面的personnel的定语，以补充说明它前面的personnel。

语义判断：符合上述语法条件的选项有两个，dismissin9意为解雇;解散，occupyin9意为占据;任职。结合句意可知，只有occupying(任职)符合这里的表达，故选L。

40.O

语法判断：分析句子主干可知，该空前面是个完整的句子，即主谓结构(brain drain…increase)，主谓结构后面是一个介词短语(in——to the new laws of the international market in knowledge)作状语修饰谓语动词increase。通过分析此短语可知，in和to之间缺少一个名词。

语义判断：符合上述语法条件的选项有四个：preference意为更喜欢，偏爱，response意为反应，consequence 和result意为结果。注意到response(应)构成的介词短语in responseto为常用搭配.意为对……的反应，符合句意，因此选项O是正确答案。

41.A

语法判断：分析句子主干可知，该句缺少一个谓语动词，空格后为that引导的宾语从句。

语义判断：结合37题的语义判断以及该空后面宾语从句中的将来时态are going to可知，只有动词forecast(预测)符合这里的句意。所以正确答案是A。

42.K

语法判断：分析句子主干可知，该空后面是一个therebe结构的完整句子，判断此处为作状语成分的介词短语as a__________。分析此短语可知，as a后缺少一个单数名词。

语义判断：结合40题的语义判断，只有result(结果)构成的介词短语as a result(因此)符合这里的表达.故正确答案是K。

43.D

语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空所在的位置是一个由which引导的定语从句，修饰前面的countries，而该空和其前的动词9ive一起构成动词不定式结构to give__________to fields where…owninstitutions，作它前面send students abroad的补足语。通过分析短语give__________to可知，空格处应填入一个名词。

语义判断：结合40题和42题的语义判断，只有preference(偏爱 )构成的动词短语give preference to(对……偏爱)符合这里的句意，因此D是正确答案。

44.B

语法判断：分析句子主干可知，该空缺少一个形容词，和administrative一起作定语修饰后面的宾语procedures。

语义判断：符合上述语法条件的选项有四个，结合38题的语义判断可知，flexible(灵活的)符合这里的句意，因此B是正确答案。

45.F

语法判断：空格前为句子主语brain drain和系动词is，空格后为动词不定式to continue。由此可知，本句的谓语结构不完整。这里缺少一个形容词和is构成系表结构。

语义判断：在剩下的单词中，符合语法条件的选项有：现在分词dismissing和形容词flexible、bound、skeptical。结合38题的语义判断和句意可知只有bound符合语境，beboundto为常用搭配，意为一定，必定，指人才流失问题必定会继续存在，故选 F。

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