There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familiar disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i. e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.
By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain (the RStrain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain (S strain) has also been developed.
The availability of these tow strains permits investgations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important tool in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.
1. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out ________.
a. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt
b. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance
c. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure
d. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives
2. The main difference between SandR rats is their ________.
a. need for sodium 22
b. rate of mating
c. reaction to salt
d. type of blood
3. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ________.
a. control high blood pressure
b. cure high blood pressure caused by salt
c. tell the Srats from theR rats
d. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like
4. The most beneficial results of the research might be ________.
a. development of diets free of salt
b. an early cure for high blood pressure
c. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure
d. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims
5. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?
a. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.
b. The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.
c. The medical field is desperately in need of research.
d. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.
答案：acddd
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